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本帖最后由 三T上人 于 2015-11-8 18:40 编辑 <br /><br />This is the seventh volume highlighting the presentations at the National
Academy of Engineering (NAE) annual Frontiers of Engineering Symposium
program, which brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to
share their cutting-edge research and technical work. The 2001 symposium was
originally scheduled for September 13–15, but was cancelled and rescheduled
for March 1–3, 2002, because of the events of September 11. Approximately 85
participants attended the rescheduled symposium at the Beckman Center in
Irvine, California. The papers included in this volume are extended summaries
of the presentations prepared by the speakers. The intent of this volume, and of
the preceding volumes in the series, is to describe the philosophy behind this
unique meeting and to highlight some of the exciting developments in engineering
today.
GOALS OF FRONTIERS OF ENGINEERING
The practice of engineering is changing. Engineers must be able to adapt
and thrive in an environment of rapid technological change and globalization. In
addition, engineering is becoming more interdisciplinary. The frontiers of engineering
often occur at the intersections between engineering disciplines or at the
intersection between what has traditionally been labeled “science” and “engineering.”
Thus, both researchers and practitioners must be aware of developments
and challenges in areas other than their own.
At the three-day Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, 100 of this country’s
best and brightest engineers, ages 30 to 45, can learn from their peers about
developments at the leading edge of engineering. This broad overview of current
developments in many fields of engineering often leads to insights of crossdisciplinary
applications. In addition, the symposium brings together engineers
in academia, industry, and government, enabling them to establish contacts with
and learn from people they would probably not meet in the usual round of professional
meetings. We hope this networking will lead to collaborative work
that facilitates the transfer of new techniques and approaches from one field of
engineering to another.
The number of participants at each meeting is kept at 100 to maximize the
opportunities for interactions and exchanges among the attendees, who are invited
to attend after a competitive nomination and selection process. The topics and
speakers for each meeting are chosen by an organizing committee of engineers
in the same age group as the participants. Different topics are covered each year,
and, with a few exceptions, different individuals are invited to participate.
Each speaker at the Frontiers of Engineering Symposium faces a unique
challenge—to convey the excitement of his or her field to a technically sophisticated
but nonspecialist audience. To meet this challenge, speakers are asked to
provide brief overviews of their fields that include a definition of the frontiers of
the field; a brief description of current experiments, prototypes, and design
studies; a description of new tools and methodologies; identification of limitations
on advances and controversies; a brief description of the most exciting
results and most difficult challenges of the past couple of years; and a summary
statement of the theoretical, commercial, societal, and long-term significance of
the work.
CONTENT OF THE MARCH 2002 SYMPOSIUM
The presentations of the symposium covered four broad areas: leading edge
aerodynamics technologies, civil systems, wireless communications, and technology
and the human body. In the session called “Flight at the Leading Edge,”
speakers discussed next-generation jet propulsion, miniature unmanned air vehicles
(mini-UAVs), and artificial flying insects. Developments ranged from
enabling technologies for familiar aircraft to leading-edge concepts involving
autonomous aircraft and micromechanical flyers that are changing the way we
travel, provide national defense, and collect and share electronic information.
The second session, “Civil Systems,” focused on the systems that provide communications
and information, the delivery of water and power, the removal of
waste products, and travel from home to work and other activities. A common
theme in these talks was the inherently interdisciplinary process required to
operate, maintain, and replace civil systems. The speakers addressed the role of
engineers in the development and deployment of decision support systems,
computer-based supervisory controls, robotics, and new sensors and materials to
relieve pressure on existing civil systems and meet the demand for new ones. In
the third session, “Wireless Communications,” speakers described the critical issues and state-of-the-art technologies for cost-effective, ubiquitous, and integrated
personal communications networks that provide multimedia services;
another topic was the interaction of wireless communications with the physical
world. Each of the speakers in this session covered one aspect of the subject: a
fundamental theoretical framework for wireless communications to guide the
development of new technologies; a robust telecommunications infrastructure
that will make ubiquitous mobile wireless access possible; service architectures
that will enable emerging wireless applications; and wireless sensor systems that
will link the physical world to communication networks. The concluding session,
“Technology and the Human Body,” addressed the importance of science and
technology to our health and well-being. This session began with an overview
of modeling and simulation of the human body and how they can be used to
improve our understanding of chronic diseases. The second talk presented research
on electronic devices that enable mobility in patients who are paralyzed.
The final talk was on recent advances in tissue engineering, including microfabrication
techniques and cellular interactions. (See Appendixes for complete program.)
It is traditional to invite a distinguished engineer to address the participants
at dinner on the first evening of the symposium. This year, Nicholas Donofrio,
senior vice president and group executive for technology and manufacturing,
IBM Corporation, spoke about technology innovation. He described the challenges
posed by information overload and limits to Moore’s Law, addressed
privacy concerns, and pointed out the necessity for computer modeling and simulation
to become standard tools for all engineers. Mr. Donofrio emphasized the
importance of mentoring and maintaining diversity in a strong engineering workforce.
The full text of Mr. Donofrio’s remarks are included in this volume.
NAE is deeply grateful to the following organizations for their support of
the Seventh Annual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering: Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency; Department of Defense–DDR&E-Research; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration; Microsoft Corporation; United Technologies
Corporation; and Cummins, Inc. NAE would also like to thank the members
of the Symposium Organizing Committee (see p. iv), chaired by Michael Corradini,
for planning and organizing the event.
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