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土木工程合同应用技巧 Civil Engineering - Applications and Tips

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鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-12 20:26:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Is contractor entitled for variation in lumpsum contracts?

Yes. Lump sum contract means the contractor has to execute the works for a specified amount fixed in the contract. In a lump sum contract, the contractor is bound to execute works for the completion of the project as detailed in the contract documents; in some cases a bill of quantities will also be included. In either case if a specific work is not detailed in the contract or if alterations are required, then it can be treated as a variation.

Examples of variation in lump sum contracts

An example of variation in lump sum contract is removal of a building or structure which is not described anywhere in drawings or contract documents. Another example is alteration to the details mentioned such as replacing painting works with tiling. A variation order is required to be obtained from the owner/ Engineer before executing the works.


Variation provisions are detailed in Clause 51.1 of FIDIC Red Book1987 and Clause 13.1 of 1999 edition


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鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
 楼主| ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-12 20:27:55 | 显示全部楼层
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[size=13px][align=left]Dictionary meaning of Day work is ‘work done that is paid on a daily basis’. In construction contracts this term is applied under different contexts.
1.   For variations in a lump sum contract, wherein work will be evaluated in accordance with the Day Work Schedule included in the Contract. Daywork rates for material, labor, plant and contractor profits will be mentioned in the contract. In such cases the Contractor should consider supervision charges in his bid that will not be paid separately. Clause 13.6 of FIDIC Red Book can be referred to for claims wherein a daywork schedule is included in the contract.
2.    For variation purpose in an item rate contract; when item rates are not available within bill of quantities for extra items to be executed, method of day works can be adopted as an option.
[b]How is daywork measured in a lump sum contract?[/b]
As mentioned in the previous paragraph rates will be included in the contract for material, labor, plant and contractor profits. During execution of the works contractor should submit quotations for Engineer’s approval. Works can be executed after getting approval in writing from the Engineer. After completion of the works the contractor should submit to the Engineer along with IPC (interim payment certificate) all the invoices, vouchers and receipts of goods, equipments and plant involved in the work.
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鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
 楼主| ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-12 20:29:13 | 显示全部楼层
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Contingency allowance is provided in construction contracts to allow for miscellaneous unforeseen costs which cannot be classified under any other head, but is necessary for successful completion of the project. In construction contracts usually 3 to 5 percent of contract value is provided as contingency allowance. An example of such unforeseen cost is price escalation. If there is a saving in the contingency allowance, then this amount can be used for execution of extra items of work. That means when variation claims are raised, it is common that the employer will cancel the contingency allowance against variation claims, and pay the contractor.
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鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
 楼主| ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-12 20:30:03 | 显示全部楼层
What is FIDIC?
FIDIC is an international agency that formulates conditions of contract recommended for construction works where tenders are invited on an international basis. FIDIC conditions of contract are also widely used in domestic projects with minor modifications. FIDIC is the abbreviation of Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils, meaning International Federation of Consulting Engineers in French.  Different forms of FIDIC conditions of contract are commonly known as the Red Book, Silver Book, Yellow Book, Pink Book, Green Book, Blue Book, White Book, Gold Book etc.
The 1999 Suite of FIDIC Standard Conditions of Contract
Conditions of Contract for Construction - The New Red Book
Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design Build - The New Yellow Book
Conditions of Contract for EPC Turnkey Projects - The Silver Book
Short Form of Contract - The Green Book
The FIDIC Contracts Guide (2000)
Traditional FIDIC Conditions of Contract
Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction - Red Book Fourth Edition (1987)
Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Works including Erection on Site -Yellow Book Third Edition (1987)
Conditions of Contract for Design-Build and Turnkey - Orange Book  First Edition (1995)

鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
 楼主| ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-12 20:31:24 | 显示全部楼层
Prime Cost Sums in Construction Contracts
Prime cost generally is an allowance for articles to be provided by the contractor, of which price cannot be fixed at the time of tender. It refers only to the supply of materials and not to the carrying out of works.  A specific amount will be earmarked in the BOQ for execution of such items. Examples are fixtures and finishing works like ceramic tiles, sanitary fittings, water supply fittings etc. that can be decided only at the time of execution. Contractor is not entitled for any profit on prime cost items, but sometimes the cost of carriage will be provided if specified in contract. The FIDIC Conditions of Contract do not mention about prime cost.
Definition of Prime cost by ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain)
"Prime Cost (PC) Item" means an item in the Contract which contains (either wholly or in part) a sum referred to as Prime Cost (PC) which will be used for the execution of work or the supply of goods materials or services for the Works.
How to claim Prime Cost Sum?
Contractor floats enquiries and get quotations; finalized quotation is forwarded to client for approval, along with specifications of proposed materials. After getting approval, contractor proceeds with procurement and installation. The price paid to the contractor will be the amount mentioned in the purchase invoice.

点评

请问这个内容是哪本书上的?,看起来不错啊  详情 回复 发表于 2012-10-13 14:11
我这里实验设备和测量设备工程师办公用品,就是采用的这个pc sums,我们采购价格比清单单价要高一些,这部分亏一些钱,计量的时候只给我们按照合同价格支付,而且易耗品支付更亏,价格比投标时候高很多。这里东边不亮  详情 回复 发表于 2012-10-13 13:29

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鲜花(177) 鸡蛋(0)
zhouweiwrzh 发表于 2012-10-13 00:03:08 | 显示全部楼层
把他学好的,国际项目商务谈判就差不多了

鲜花(1) 鸡蛋(0)
zkbgu 发表于 2012-10-13 13:29:50 | 显示全部楼层
Prime Cost Sums in Construction Contracts
Prime cost generally is an allowance for articles to be ...[/quote]
我这里实验设备和测量设备工程师办公用品,就是采用的这个pc sums,我们采购价格比清单单价要高一些,这部分亏一些钱,计量的时候只给我们按照合同价格支付,而且易耗品支付更亏,价格比投标时候高很多。这里东边不亮西边亮,不过,下个项目应给扯扯清楚了。

鲜花(1) 鸡蛋(0)
zkbgu 发表于 2012-10-13 14:11:54 | 显示全部楼层
Prime Cost Sums in Construction Contracts
Prime cost generally is an allowance for articles to be ...[/quote]
请问这个内容是哪本书上的?,看起来不错啊
Civil Engineering - Applications and Tips,能下载么?

鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
 楼主| ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-13 15:13:07 | 显示全部楼层
我这里实验设备和测量设备工程师办公用品,就是采用的这个pc sums,我们采购价格比清单单价要高一些,这部 ...[/quote]
pc sums就是按照采购价业主给报销的,不可以再加利润!

点评

我们这里附有详细的每个设备单价,只给按照单价计量,  详情 回复 发表于 2012-10-13 22:29
鲜花(1) 鸡蛋(0)
zkbgu 发表于 2012-10-13 22:29:21 | 显示全部楼层
pc sums就是按照采购价业主给报销的,不可以再加利润![/quote]
我们这里附有详细的每个设备单价,只给按照单价计量,

鲜花(280) 鸡蛋(4)
 楼主| ljmtidilgw 发表于 2012-10-13 22:40:28 | 显示全部楼层
这个应该和业主协商,报价低而市场价高!这个属于投标方面的东西,业主有可能不答应按照采购价处理,因为要认可采购价也很复杂,需要多家对比等。

鲜花(0) 鸡蛋(0)
zyjroger 发表于 2012-12-31 16:01:45 | 显示全部楼层
很不错,是不是可以把此书拿出来分享一下!
谢谢!
鲜花(0) 鸡蛋(0)
wonderfreeman 发表于 2013-3-9 03:55:00 | 显示全部楼层
very useful, thanks
鲜花(74) 鸡蛋(0)
xuridongsheng 发表于 2013-3-14 13:31:46 | 显示全部楼层
鲜花(4) 鸡蛋(0)
吉米 发表于 2015-2-8 14:29:57 | 显示全部楼层
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flyingegg 发表于 2016-9-15 09:29:06 | 显示全部楼层
一楼的位置好啊..  
鲜花(1) 鸡蛋(0)
Kristin 发表于 2016-12-26 10:29:52 | 显示全部楼层
写得好啊 估计有马甲  
鲜花(74) 鸡蛋(0)
xuridongsheng 发表于 2018-12-14 09:53:03 | 显示全部楼层
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zspkd 发表于 2018-12-14 10:36:15 | 显示全部楼层
没见到附件啊。
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